For example, an object approaching along the midline would have a rightward velocity in the left eye and a leftward velocity in the right eye. Approaching objects would also have differing velocities in each eye. This changing disparity cue suffices to create a perception of motion-in-depth for human observers, even in the absence of other cues ( Cumming and Parker, 1994). Thus as an object approaches, the disparity between the two views changes. This disparity reflects the distance to an object. Stereoscopic disparity refers to the difference in the position of an object as seen by the two eyes. Two of the motion-in-depth cues that have received the most attention in humans are binocular: changing disparity and interocular velocity differences (IOVDs) ( Cormack et al., 2017). We conclude that mantises use stereopsis to detect depth but not motion-in-depth, which is detected via looming. Approach indicated by radial motion of a texture or expansion of a motion-defined edge, or by stereoscopic cues, all failed to elicit increased striking.
Our results show that motion-in-depth does increase the probability of mantis strikes but only for the classic looming stimulus, an expanding luminance edge.
#Define looming series#
We used our 3D insect cinema in a series of experiments to investigate the role of the stereoscopic cues mentioned above, as well as looming, in the perception of motion-in-depth during predatory strikes by the praying mantis Sphodromantis lineola. Although these have been studied in detail in humans, only looming responses have been well characterized in insects and we know nothing about the role of stereoscopic cues and how they might interact with looming cues. This can be achieved using several cues, including binocular stereoscopic cues such as changing disparity and interocular velocity differences, and monocular cues such as looming. They may have had a function in aiding the picking out of broken threads on the loom.Perceiving motion-in-depth is essential to detecting approaching or receding objects, predators and prey.The young man at the far end of the loom glanced at Maggie, and for an instant their eyes locked.Its many alterations and additions reflect in stone and brick, the looms and busts at the woollen industry.Kalchu finished weaving the last whitish length of woollen cloth to make a jacket and put his loom away.Related topics: Crafts loom loom 2 noun TIC a frame or machine on which thread is woven into cloth Examples from the Corpus loom Another kind of hazard was already looming on the horizon for the weaker peasant elements.The two disputes he mentioned pale in comparison with others looming on the horizon.Sadly, when I was there war was not the only dark cloud looming on the horizon.As you descend, a mushroom-shaped structure looms up out of the murk.The goodwill died with the fire and black shapes loomed up out of the dark.I feel it looming up behind me, breathing lightly on the nape of my neck.The apartment loomed up around him as a kind of blur.The House of Parliament loomed up and his heart began to thump.The point is simply to flag problems that loom ahead.Fathers also feel great emotional changes as their priorities change and added financial require-ments loom ahead.A snow-covered hedge loomed up ahead of him and he made for the shelter of it.In consequence, untold numbers of sailors died when their destinations suddenly loomed out of the sea and took them by surprise.Congressional elections loom next year after that, maneuvering will start for the next presidential election.Mont Blanc, sixty miles distant, loomed massively present.With the prospect of bankruptcy looming, life is getting tough for small businesses.The human factor also looms large in Bamford's presentation of the agency's strengths and weaknesses.We turned around, and after a few miles, an old building loomed into view.
As the day of my interview loomed, I became increasingly nervous.
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